CAP Theorem: Three Principles Cannot Be All Achieved

In the CAP theorem, C stands for Consistency, A stands for Availability, and P stands for Partition tolerance.
The CAP theorem states that a distributed system cannot simultaneously satisfy all three principles; it can satisfy at most two of them.

Consistency: Whether all data replicas in a distributed system hold the same value at any given moment (equivalent to all nodes accessing the same latest data replica).
Availability: Whether the cluster as a whole can respond to client read and write requests after one or more nodes in the cluster fail (high availability for data updates).
Partition tolerance: If a system cannot achieve data consistency within a specified time limit, it implies a network partition has occurred; therefore, a choice must be made between Consistency and Availability. In practical terms, a partition represents a constraint on communication latency.